Infertility

Infertility is a condition in which a person is unable to conceive despite having frequent, unprotected sexual intercourse for at least one year (or six months for women over 35). It can also refer to the inability to sustain a pregnancy to full term. Infertility is a common challenge, affecting approximately 10–15% of couples globally.

Causes of Infertility
Infertility can result from a single cause in either partner or a combination of factors. It is typically categorized into:

1. Female Infertility Causes:
   • Ovulation Disorders: Conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) or premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) that disrupt regular ovulation.
   • Tubal Factor Infertility: Blocked or damaged fallopian tubes, often due to pelvic inflammatory disease or endometriosis.
   • Uterine or Cervical Issues: Including fibroids, polyps, or abnormalities in the uterine structure.
   • Age-Related Factors: Decreased egg quality and quantity as women age.
   • Other Health Issues: Thyroid disorders, autoimmune diseases, or obesity.
2. Male Infertility Causes:
   • Low Sperm Count or Poor Motility: Insufficient or immobile sperm.
   • Hormonal Imbalances: Such as low testosterone levels.
   • Structural Issues: Blockages in the reproductive tract, such as from varicoceles.
   • Lifestyle Factors: Smoking, excessive alcohol use, drug use, or exposure to toxins.
3. Combined or Unexplained Infertility:
   • In some cases, both partners contribute to infertility, or no specific cause can be identified despite thorough evaluation.